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%Start  Estrogen  Types  Replacement Therapies  and Side Effects  Everyday Health MenuNewslettersSearch Women's Health
 Estrogen  Types  Replacement Therapies  and Side EffectsEstrone, estradiol, and estriol are the three main types of estrogen. By Cathy CassataMedically Reviewed by Kacy Church, MDReviewed: August 15, 2022Medically ReviewedA look at a polarized view of estriol, a type of estrogen, in crystal form.Getty ImagesEstrogen is a group of hormones produced by a woman’s ovaries and, to a lesser degree, by the adrenal glands, fat tissues, and a man’s testes. It is considered a sex hormone because it is produced by the reproductive organs and affects these organs, too.
%Start  Estrogen Types Replacement Therapies and Side Effects Everyday Health MenuNewslettersSearch Women's Health Estrogen Types Replacement Therapies and Side EffectsEstrone, estradiol, and estriol are the three main types of estrogen. By Cathy CassataMedically Reviewed by Kacy Church, MDReviewed: August 15, 2022Medically ReviewedA look at a polarized view of estriol, a type of estrogen, in crystal form.Getty ImagesEstrogen is a group of hormones produced by a woman’s ovaries and, to a lesser degree, by the adrenal glands, fat tissues, and a man’s testes. It is considered a sex hormone because it is produced by the reproductive organs and affects these organs, too.
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Both men and women produce estrogen, but it’s usually considered a “female hormone” because men have smaller amounts in their bodies. Estrogen flows through the bloodstream and binds to estrogen receptors on cells.
(1) Both men and women produce estrogen, but it’s usually considered a “female hormone” because men have smaller amounts in their bodies. Estrogen flows through the bloodstream and binds to estrogen receptors on cells.
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The hormone has effects on the brain, bone, liver, heart, skin, and other tissues in the body, and regulates metabolic processes, such as cholesterol levels. (2,3)
 There Are Three Main Types of Estrogen
Estrone, estradiol, and estriol are the three main types of estrogen.
The hormone has effects on the brain, bone, liver, heart, skin, and other tissues in the body, and regulates metabolic processes, such as cholesterol levels. (2,3) There Are Three Main Types of Estrogen Estrone, estradiol, and estriol are the three main types of estrogen.
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Oliver Taylor 4 minutes ago
Estrogen helps initiate physical changes that happen to girls during puberty, such as the start of t...
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Lily Watson 5 minutes ago
Estradiol is most common in women of childbearing age. During pregnancy, estriol is produced by t...
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Estrogen helps initiate physical changes that happen to girls during puberty, such as the start of their menstrual cycles and developing secondary sex characteristics, including breasts and body hair. (2)
Estrogen helps regulate the menstrual cycle during a woman’s childbearing years and controls the growth of the uterine lining.
Estrogen helps initiate physical changes that happen to girls during puberty, such as the start of their menstrual cycles and developing secondary sex characteristics, including breasts and body hair. (2) Estrogen helps regulate the menstrual cycle during a woman’s childbearing years and controls the growth of the uterine lining.
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Kevin Wang 13 minutes ago
Estradiol is most common in women of childbearing age. During pregnancy, estriol is produced by t...
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Estradiol is most common in women of childbearing age. During pregnancy, estriol is produced by the placenta, and estrone is the only hormone your body produces after menopause (when you no longer get your period).
Estradiol is most common in women of childbearing age. During pregnancy, estriol is produced by the placenta, and estrone is the only hormone your body produces after menopause (when you no longer get your period).
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Sophie Martin 25 minutes ago
(3) In men, estrogen is important to the growth of healthy bones and the development of the male rep...
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Ava White 8 minutes ago
(3) Estrogen Replacement Therapies As women reach menopause, the ovaries begin to produce less est...
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In men, estrogen is important to the growth of healthy bones and the development of the male reproductive system. However, not much more is known about estrogen’s role in men.
(3) In men, estrogen is important to the growth of healthy bones and the development of the male reproductive system. However, not much more is known about estrogen’s role in men.
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Harper Kim 16 minutes ago
(3) Estrogen Replacement Therapies As women reach menopause, the ovaries begin to produce less est...
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Joseph Kim 1 minutes ago
Taking Prescription Estrogen Estrogen is available in many forms: oral tablets, transdermal patches,...
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 Estrogen Replacement Therapies
As women reach menopause, the ovaries begin to produce less estrogen. (3)
When this happens, your doctor may recommend taking prescription estrogen to help with severe menopausal symptoms, such as:Hot flashesExcessive sweating, night sweatsChillsFaintnessDizziness
Your doctor may also prescribe estrogen if:Your body isn’t producing enough estrogen during puberty.You have vulvar atrophy (a genital skin condition).You have atrophic vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina).You have female hypogonadism (ovaries don’t produce enough hormones).You have Turner syndrome (a genetic condition that affects physical development).Your ovaries have been removed.You’re at risk for or have osteoporosis (weak, porous bones) after menopause.You’re being treated for prostate cancer.You’re transitioning or have transitioned from male to female. When men don’t have enough estrogen, they can carry excess belly fat and experience low sexual desire.
(3) Estrogen Replacement Therapies As women reach menopause, the ovaries begin to produce less estrogen. (3) When this happens, your doctor may recommend taking prescription estrogen to help with severe menopausal symptoms, such as:Hot flashesExcessive sweating, night sweatsChillsFaintnessDizziness Your doctor may also prescribe estrogen if:Your body isn’t producing enough estrogen during puberty.You have vulvar atrophy (a genital skin condition).You have atrophic vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina).You have female hypogonadism (ovaries don’t produce enough hormones).You have Turner syndrome (a genetic condition that affects physical development).Your ovaries have been removed.You’re at risk for or have osteoporosis (weak, porous bones) after menopause.You’re being treated for prostate cancer.You’re transitioning or have transitioned from male to female. When men don’t have enough estrogen, they can carry excess belly fat and experience low sexual desire.
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Hannah Kim 1 minutes ago
Taking Prescription Estrogen Estrogen is available in many forms: oral tablets, transdermal patches,...
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Taking Prescription Estrogen
Estrogen is available in many forms: oral tablets, transdermal patches, topical gels, emulsions and lotions, intravaginal creams and tablets, and vaginal rings. Your prescription form, dose, and how often it’s administered will depend on your reason for taking it.
Taking Prescription Estrogen Estrogen is available in many forms: oral tablets, transdermal patches, topical gels, emulsions and lotions, intravaginal creams and tablets, and vaginal rings. Your prescription form, dose, and how often it’s administered will depend on your reason for taking it.
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Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions about how you should take your estrogen. Estrogen and Potential Side Effects
Tell your doctor if you experience any of the following side effects: (1)Upset stomachVomitingSymptoms of a common coldHeartburnGasDiarrheaConstipationWeight changesLeg crampsBurning or tingling in the arms or legsMuscle tightnessDizzinessHair lossUnusual hair growthDarkening of skin on faceIrritation from wearing contact lensesBreast pain or tendernessSwelling, redness, burning, itching, or irritation of the vaginaVaginal dischargeChange in sexual desireNervousnessDepression
Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following serious side effects:Bulging eyesYellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)Stomach pain, swelling, or tendernessLoss of appetiteSore throat, fever, chills, cough, or other signs of infectionWeaknessJoint painUncontrollable movementsRash or blistersSevere allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) which is often accompanied by hives, difficulty breathing, feeling faint, and nausea or vomitingHivesItchingSwelling of the eyes, face, tongue, throat, hands, arms, feet, ankles, or lower legsHoarsenessDifficulty breathing or swallowing
 Concerns About Hormone Replacement Therapy
Concerns about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) began in the early 2000s, when the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study reported a link between combined estrogen and progestin and an increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions about how you should take your estrogen. Estrogen and Potential Side Effects Tell your doctor if you experience any of the following side effects: (1)Upset stomachVomitingSymptoms of a common coldHeartburnGasDiarrheaConstipationWeight changesLeg crampsBurning or tingling in the arms or legsMuscle tightnessDizzinessHair lossUnusual hair growthDarkening of skin on faceIrritation from wearing contact lensesBreast pain or tendernessSwelling, redness, burning, itching, or irritation of the vaginaVaginal dischargeChange in sexual desireNervousnessDepression Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following serious side effects:Bulging eyesYellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)Stomach pain, swelling, or tendernessLoss of appetiteSore throat, fever, chills, cough, or other signs of infectionWeaknessJoint painUncontrollable movementsRash or blistersSevere allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) which is often accompanied by hives, difficulty breathing, feeling faint, and nausea or vomitingHivesItchingSwelling of the eyes, face, tongue, throat, hands, arms, feet, ankles, or lower legsHoarsenessDifficulty breathing or swallowing Concerns About Hormone Replacement Therapy Concerns about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) began in the early 2000s, when the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) study reported a link between combined estrogen and progestin and an increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disease.
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Evelyn Zhang 4 minutes ago
The study also stated that hormone therapy caused more harm than good in postmenopausal women, showi...
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Ella Rodriguez 8 minutes ago
For these women, though, there was no significant increase in breast cancer risk. (6) More current ...
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The study also stated that hormone therapy caused more harm than good in postmenopausal women, showing that estrogen alone appeared to be related to an increased risk of stroke and was not beneficial for coronary artery disease. (4)
The WHI alarmed the medical community in 2002 with study results reporting that, after following participants for a mean of five years, the researchers had moved to stop the estrogen-plus-progestin portion of their study prematurely because the excess risk of breast cancer facing the women taking the drugs made it unethical to continue. (5)
Then, two years later, the estrogen-only study was also stopped ahead of time, because it also uncovered an increased risk of blood clots.
The study also stated that hormone therapy caused more harm than good in postmenopausal women, showing that estrogen alone appeared to be related to an increased risk of stroke and was not beneficial for coronary artery disease. (4) The WHI alarmed the medical community in 2002 with study results reporting that, after following participants for a mean of five years, the researchers had moved to stop the estrogen-plus-progestin portion of their study prematurely because the excess risk of breast cancer facing the women taking the drugs made it unethical to continue. (5) Then, two years later, the estrogen-only study was also stopped ahead of time, because it also uncovered an increased risk of blood clots.
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For these women, though, there was no significant increase in breast cancer risk. (6)
More current analyses do not show these risks to be associated (or present) with hormone therapy, including a follow-up study published in 2017. The study found that neither estrogen-plus-progestin taken for a median of 5.6 years, nor estrogen alone taken for a median of 7.2 years, was associated with increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular or cancer mortality during a cumulative follow-up of 18 years.
For these women, though, there was no significant increase in breast cancer risk. (6) More current analyses do not show these risks to be associated (or present) with hormone therapy, including a follow-up study published in 2017. The study found that neither estrogen-plus-progestin taken for a median of 5.6 years, nor estrogen alone taken for a median of 7.2 years, was associated with increased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular or cancer mortality during a cumulative follow-up of 18 years.
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(7) Furthermore, the standard delivery of estradiol has changed from oral to transdermal, which was not previously studied by the WHI. In addition, another study’s findings indicate that the timing of when HRT is first administered in relation to when a patient goes through menopause may be important. That 2013 study found that when HRT was started more than 10 years after menopause (or when the patient was 60 or older) there was a reduction in coronary heart disease events and total mortality.
(7) Furthermore, the standard delivery of estradiol has changed from oral to transdermal, which was not previously studied by the WHI. In addition, another study’s findings indicate that the timing of when HRT is first administered in relation to when a patient goes through menopause may be important. That 2013 study found that when HRT was started more than 10 years after menopause (or when the patient was 60 or older) there was a reduction in coronary heart disease events and total mortality.
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Sofia Garcia 21 minutes ago
Given the concerns and past controversy surrounding hormone therapy, talk with your doctor about whe...
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Given the concerns and past controversy surrounding hormone therapy, talk with your doctor about whether this treatment is a good option for you. When You Have Too Much Estrogen
Women can have too much estrogen.
Given the concerns and past controversy surrounding hormone therapy, talk with your doctor about whether this treatment is a good option for you. When You Have Too Much Estrogen Women can have too much estrogen.
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When this happens, the following can occur: (3)Weight gain, typically in your waist, hips, and thighsLight or heavy bleeding during your periodsIntensified premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptomsFibrocystic breasts (noncancerous breast lumps)Fibroids (noncancerous tumors) in the uterusTiredness and fatigueLoss of sexual desireFeeling depressed or anxious
When men’s estrogen levels are too high, they can have enlarged breasts (gynecomastia), infertility, and difficulty maintaining an erection. (3)
Based on what your doctor determines is causing your high estrogen levels, he or she may prescribe a medication, suggest surgery, or recommend dietary changes to help lower your estrogen levels.
When this happens, the following can occur: (3)Weight gain, typically in your waist, hips, and thighsLight or heavy bleeding during your periodsIntensified premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptomsFibrocystic breasts (noncancerous breast lumps)Fibroids (noncancerous tumors) in the uterusTiredness and fatigueLoss of sexual desireFeeling depressed or anxious When men’s estrogen levels are too high, they can have enlarged breasts (gynecomastia), infertility, and difficulty maintaining an erection. (3) Based on what your doctor determines is causing your high estrogen levels, he or she may prescribe a medication, suggest surgery, or recommend dietary changes to help lower your estrogen levels.
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Brandon Kumar 35 minutes ago
Health Benefits From the Estrogen in Hormonal Birth Control In addition to oral contraception for b...
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Health Benefits From the Estrogen in Hormonal Birth Control
In addition to oral contraception for birth control, your doctor may prescribe one made with estrogen to help relieve menstrual cramps and some perimenopausal symptoms or to regulate periods if you have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Additionally, there is some research that reports birth control pills may reduce the risk of ovarian, uterine, and colorectal cancer.
Health Benefits From the Estrogen in Hormonal Birth Control In addition to oral contraception for birth control, your doctor may prescribe one made with estrogen to help relieve menstrual cramps and some perimenopausal symptoms or to regulate periods if you have polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Additionally, there is some research that reports birth control pills may reduce the risk of ovarian, uterine, and colorectal cancer.
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Kevin Wang 6 minutes ago
(8) Forms of birth control with estrogen protect you from getting pregnant by doing the following:Th...
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Liam Wilson 18 minutes ago
They also may have different risks and benefits. (8) The vaginal ring (NuvaRing) contains estrogen ...
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Forms of birth control with estrogen protect you from getting pregnant by doing the following:Thickening the mucus in your cervix, making it hard for sperm to get to the uterus and fertilize an eggStopping your body from ovulatingThinning the lining of your uterus
Birth control pills contain estrogen in combination with a form of progesterone. Depending on the brand of oral contraceptive, the medications and dose may vary, and may be taken differently.
(8) Forms of birth control with estrogen protect you from getting pregnant by doing the following:Thickening the mucus in your cervix, making it hard for sperm to get to the uterus and fertilize an eggStopping your body from ovulatingThinning the lining of your uterus Birth control pills contain estrogen in combination with a form of progesterone. Depending on the brand of oral contraceptive, the medications and dose may vary, and may be taken differently.
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Evelyn Zhang 34 minutes ago
They also may have different risks and benefits. (8) The vaginal ring (NuvaRing) contains estrogen ...
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Julia Zhang 22 minutes ago
The ring needs to be replaced monthly. Take note that not having the ring inside your vagina for mor...
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They also may have different risks and benefits. (8)
The vaginal ring (NuvaRing) contains estrogen and progestin and is inserted inside your vagina.
They also may have different risks and benefits. (8) The vaginal ring (NuvaRing) contains estrogen and progestin and is inserted inside your vagina.
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Noah Davis 3 minutes ago
The ring needs to be replaced monthly. Take note that not having the ring inside your vagina for mor...
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James Smith 1 minutes ago
(9) The ring may not be as effective if you take any of the following:Antibiotics such as rifampin ...
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The ring needs to be replaced monthly. Take note that not having the ring inside your vagina for more than 48 hours during the weeks you should be wearing it means you are not fully protected from getting pregnant.
The ring needs to be replaced monthly. Take note that not having the ring inside your vagina for more than 48 hours during the weeks you should be wearing it means you are not fully protected from getting pregnant.
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Nathan Chen 11 minutes ago
(9) The ring may not be as effective if you take any of the following:Antibiotics such as rifampin ...
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Harper Kim 14 minutes ago
The patch is worn on your belly, upper arm, butt, or back, and is replaced every week for three week...
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The ring may not be as effective if you take any of the following:Antibiotics such as rifampin (Rifadin), rifampicin, and isoniazid and rifampin (Rifamate)Antifungal griseofulvin (Fulvicin P/G)Some HIV medicationsSome antiseizure and mental health medicationsSt. John’s wort
The ring can cause the following side effects:Back and jaw painStomach painNausea, sweating, and breathing difficultiesChest pain or discomfortIntense headacheVision problems, such as seeing flashesYellowing of the skin or eyes
The birth control skin patch works like the other forms of birth control in that it contains estrogen and progestin.
(9) The ring may not be as effective if you take any of the following:Antibiotics such as rifampin (Rifadin), rifampicin, and isoniazid and rifampin (Rifamate)Antifungal griseofulvin (Fulvicin P/G)Some HIV medicationsSome antiseizure and mental health medicationsSt. John’s wort The ring can cause the following side effects:Back and jaw painStomach painNausea, sweating, and breathing difficultiesChest pain or discomfortIntense headacheVision problems, such as seeing flashesYellowing of the skin or eyes The birth control skin patch works like the other forms of birth control in that it contains estrogen and progestin.
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Jack Thompson 88 minutes ago
The patch is worn on your belly, upper arm, butt, or back, and is replaced every week for three week...
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The patch is worn on your belly, upper arm, butt, or back, and is replaced every week for three weeks. Then you don’t wear the patch for a week, and repeat the cycle.
The patch is worn on your belly, upper arm, butt, or back, and is replaced every week for three weeks. Then you don’t wear the patch for a week, and repeat the cycle.
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If you take any of the medications or supplements listed above under the vaginal ring, the patch may be less effective. Additionally, using the patch may cause the same side effects as the ring.
If you take any of the medications or supplements listed above under the vaginal ring, the patch may be less effective. Additionally, using the patch may cause the same side effects as the ring.
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Estrogen. Mayo Clinic.
(10) NEWSLETTERS Sign up for our Women&#x27 s Health Newsletter SubscribeBy subscribing you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking Estrogen. Mayo Clinic.
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July 1, 2022.Estrogen. Healthy Women.What Does Estrogen Do?...
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July 1, 2022.Estrogen. Healthy Women.What Does Estrogen Do?
July 1, 2022.Estrogen. Healthy Women.What Does Estrogen Do?
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Endocrine News. April 2014.Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).
Endocrine News. April 2014.Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).
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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial.
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JAMA. July 17, 2002.WHI Updated Analysis: No Increased Risk of Breast Cancer with Estrogen-Alone. National Institutes of Health. April 11, 2006.Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE, et al.
JAMA. July 17, 2002.WHI Updated Analysis: No Increased Risk of Breast Cancer with Estrogen-Alone. National Institutes of Health. April 11, 2006.Manson JE, Aragaki AK, Rossouw JE, et al.
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Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-Term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA....
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September 12, 2017.Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives). MedlinePlus. September 15, 2015.Bi...
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Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Long-Term All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality. JAMA.
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September 12, 2017.Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives). MedlinePlus. September 15, 2015.Birth Control Ring.
September 12, 2017.Estrogen and Progestin (Oral Contraceptives). MedlinePlus. September 15, 2015.Birth Control Ring.
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November 2021.Hodis HN, Mack WJ. The Timing Hypothesis: A Paradigm Shift in the Primary Prevention o...
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Planned Parenthood.Birth Control Patch. Planned Parenthood.Additional SourcesThe Menopause Years. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
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November 2021.Hodis HN, Mack WJ. The Timing Hypothesis: A Paradigm Shift in the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women.
November 2021.Hodis HN, Mack WJ. The Timing Hypothesis: A Paradigm Shift in the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women.
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 FDA Approves Myfembree for Endometriosis Pain in Premenopausal Women
 How Can Menopause Change Your Gut Microbiome
Wade and would leave ...By Lisa RapaportMay 3, 2022 More Than Half of Women Over Age 50 Have Thinning HairResearch finds that female pattern hair loss is common and associated with lower self-esteem.By Becky UphamMarch 2, 2022 Hormone Replacement Therapy May Reduce the Risk of COVID-19 Death in Post-Menopausal WomenNew research has found that women who were taking estrogen were less likely to die of COVID-19 than women with natural estrogen levels.By Becky UphamFebruary 23, 2022 More Than Half of U S Women Have Poor Heart Health Before PregnancyTop risk factors include overweight or obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes.By Becky UphamFebruary 22, 2022 New Study Shows Increased Risk of Heart Disease and Diabetes in Women With Irregular PeriodsExperts say links between menstrual disorders and metabolic health often overlooked.By Becky UphamDecember 23, 2021 Menopausal Symptoms May Predict Risk of Heart Memory Trouble NAMS 2021 NewsBy Becky UphamOctober 8, 2021 To Boost Your Sex Life Try Getting Better SleepA new study confirms that sexual dysfunction in midlife women is linked to poor sleep quality.By Meryl Davids LandauApril 21, 2021 Hypertension Symptoms Often Mistaken for Menopause in Middle-Aged WomenOne in 2 women may develop hypertension, or high blood pressure, before age 60. But a group of European doctors warn that many of these women may miss...By Lisa RapaportMarch 15, 2021 A High-Fiber Diet May Help Lower Depression RiskA diet with more fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may promote mental well-being in women, suggests new research.By Becky UphamJanuary 12, 2021 MORE IN Timing and Type of Hormone Therapy Impacts Its Effectiveness in Preventing Heart Disease FDA Approves Myfembree for Endometriosis Pain in Premenopausal Women How Can Menopause Change Your Gut Microbiome
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Isaac Schmidt 79 minutes ago
 Estrogen Types Replacement Therapies and Side Effects Everyday Health MenuNewslettersSearch ...
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Jack Thompson 22 minutes ago
(1) Both men and women produce estrogen, but it’s usually considered a “female hormone” becaus...

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